According to a new study from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, North America accounts for 82.5% of the global Bitcoin network hashrate.

The US leads with 75.4%, followed by Canada with 7.1%. This is due to a favorable regulatory environment and access to cheap energy.

Sustainable Development in Mining

The report notes a significant increase in the use of sustainable energy sources. In 2025, 52.4% of mining companies use green energy: 42.6% - renewables and 9.8% - nuclear energy. This compares to 37.6% in 2022.

Natural gas has become the main energy source (38.2%), overtaking coal, whose share has fallen to 8.9% from 36.6% two years ago.

Energy consumption and efficiency

Annual electricity consumption increased by 17% to 138 TWh, which is about 0.54% of global consumption. This growth occurred despite a 24% improvement in equipment energy efficiency to 28.2 J/TH by mid-2024.

Electricity remains the main cost item, accounting for over 80% of all costs. The median price is $45 per MWh.

Environmental impacts

Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated at 39.8 million tonnes of CO₂ per year, which is about 0.08% of global emissions. Using flared gas, this figure could be reduced to 32.9 million tonnes.

In addition, 70.8% of companies use environmental compensation methods, such as heat recovery and participation in load management programs, which reduced consumption by 888 GWh in 2023.

Market Situation and Innovation

The mining hardware market remains concentrated, with Bitmain accounting for 82% of the market share. However, the firmware market remains more diverse.

86.9% of decommissioned hardware is repurposed or recycled. The volume of e-waste associated with mining is estimated at 2.3 kilotons in 2024.

Economic Importance and Challenges

Mining in the US provides over 31,000 jobs and adds over $4.1 billion to GDP annually. Texas leads the way, followed by Georgia and New York.

However, the industry faces a number of challenges: regulatory uncertainty, unstable energy prices, and Bitcoin volatility. As a result, many players are diversifying into related areas such as AI and energy technologies.

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